Saliency computation via whitened frequency band selection

Many saliency computational models have been proposed to simulate bottom-up visual attention mechanism of human visual system. However, most of them only deal with certain kinds of images or aim at specific applications. In fact, human beings have the ability to correctly select attentive focuses of objects with arbitrary sizes within any scenes. This paper proposes a new bottom-up computational model from the perspective of frequency domain based on the biological discovery of non-Classical Receptive Field (nCRF) in the retina. A saliency map can be obtained according to the idea of Extended Classical Receptive Field. The model is composed of three major steps: firstly decompose the input image into several feature maps representing different frequency bands that cover the whole frequency domain by utilizing Gabor wavelet. Secondly, whiten the feature maps to highlight the embedded saliency information. Thirdly, select some optimal maps, simulating the response of receptive field especially nCRF, to generate the saliency map. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is able to work with stable effect and outstanding performance in a variety of situations as human beings do and is adaptive to both psychological patterns and natural images. Beyond that, biological plausibility of nCRF and Gabor wavelet transform make this approach reliable.     

检测小鼠肝炎病毒的SNaPshot分型技术及其应用

建立一种能对MHV_1、MHV_3、JHM、A_(59) 4种常见小鼠肝炎病毒(Murine Hepatitis Virus,MHV)进行分型检测的SNaPshot新方法。根据MHV 4种常见毒株基因序列比对结果,设计内外两对PCR通用引物和4个单碱基延伸引物,提取MHV 4种常见毒株RNA,逆转录后进行PCR扩增,纯化扩增产物,用SNaPshot方法进行单碱基延伸,将产物进行毛细管凝胶电泳,根据电泳结果分析毒株基因型。优化SNaPshot分析条件,进行灵敏度、特异性分析。用ELISA法和SNaPshot方法检测41例小鼠(Mus musculus)血清样本,将阳性样本进行克隆测序检测。当T1~T4引物修饰的poly T的数量分别为0、3、10和15,其浓度比为4︰6︰5︰10,引物大小分别为16 bp、19 bp、26 bp和31 bp时,SNa Phot分型检测MHV c DNA的最低浓度为1.25 mg/L,特异性为100%,与ELISA和T-克隆测序比较,其准确性为100%(41/41),阳性样本均为JHM毒株。实验结果说明,所建立的SNaPshot检测方法能对MHV_1、MHV_3、JHM、A_(59)进行分型检测,并且具有灵敏、特异、准确的优点。     

A 3D Homochiral MOF [Cd2(d‐cam)3]•2Hdma•4dma for HPLC Chromatographic Enantioseparation

Up to now, some chiral metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been reported for enantioseparation in liquid chromatography. Here we report a homochiral MOF, [Cd2(d‐cam)3]·2Hdma·4dma, used as a new chiral stationary phase for high‐performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation. Nine racemates of alcohol, naphthol, ketone, and base compounds were used as analytes for evaluating the separation properties of the chiral MOF packed column. Moreover, some effects such as mobile phase composition, column temperature, and analytes mass for separations on this chiral column also were investigated. The relative standard deviations for the resolution values of run‐to‐run and column‐to‐column were less than 2.1% and 3.2%, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the homochiral MOF offered good recognition ability, which promotes the application of chiral MOFs use as stationary phase for enantioseparation. Chirality 28:340–346, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于能值理论的有色金属矿产资源开采生态补偿机制

矿产资源为中国经济的高速增长提供了不竭的动力,但在其开采过程中也带来了诸多的环境问题。在当今资源、环境的约束下,如何采取适宜的量化方法来表征矿产资源开采所带来的生态环境损失,并在此基础上确定合理的生态补偿标准,成为了一项重要的研究课题。选取我国有色金属采选业为研究案例,并基于能值分析方法,核算了矿产资源开采过程中造成的直接、间接环境损失,提出了生态补偿指数,用以为生态补偿标准的制定提供参考依据。对能值分析指标的计算和分析结果表明,从可持续发展角度,生态补偿指数为89.18%,说明我国有色金属采选业的环境投入较高,需要的补偿费用较多;能值产出率为9.24,表明有色金属采选业的生产效率高;环境承载率为238,呈现高负荷状态,区域环境所承受的压力巨大;可持续发展指数为0.039,表明我国有色金属采选业处于不可持续状态,急需采取相关环境保护措施进行调整。从经济成本角度,我国有色金属采选业需要的生态环境补偿费用约为4.38×109元,现阶段征收的资源税费远低于生态恢复的治理费用,不能够覆盖生态修复治理成本。最后根据本文研究内容得出我国有色金属采选业面临的主要问题,分别从宏观角度、微观角度及长远角度3个方面给出了相应的政策建议。     

甲状腺术中喉返神经显露对暂时性喉返神经损伤发生率的影响

目的:探究甲状腺术中喉返神经显露对暂时性喉返神经损伤发生率的影响。方法:选择我院2016年10月-2018年10月收治的行甲状腺切除术的115例患者为研究对象,按照其入院顺序经随机数字表法分为两组,两组患者均行常规甲状腺切除术。其中,对照组58例患者未显露喉返神经;研究组57例患者常规显露喉返神经,记录并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、切口长度和住院时间等围术期手术指标,术后1d、4d、7d的甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平、钙离子(Ca2+)水平,术后暂时性喉返神经损伤、术后声音嘶哑、低钙血症等并发症的发生情况。结果:研究组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量均短于(少于)对照组(P0.05),但两组患者的切口长度和住院时间无显著性差异(P0.05);研究组患者术后1d、4d、7d的血清PTH、Ca2+水平均高于对照组(P0.05),暂时性喉返神经损伤、术后声音嘶哑、低钙血症发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺术中喉返神经显露可有效预防暂时性喉返神经和甲状腺功能的损伤,降低术后并发症的发生率,且患者的围术期指标均显著改善。     

Long non-coding RNA CCAT1 promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion by regulating the miR-181a-5p/MMP14 axis

Cervical cancer is a serious threat to women’s health and is the third most common malignancy in women worldwide. Recent studies indicate that the long non-coding RNA CCAT1 plays a role in the malignant behavior of many tumors. However, the role of CCAT1 in cervical cancer is still unknown. Our aim is to evaluate the expression and investigate the regulatory role and potential mechanism of CCAT1 in cervical cancer. CCAT1 expression was measured by qRT-PCR. In addition, CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, qRT-PCR assays, Transwell assays and xenograft experiments were performed to determine the role of CCAT1 in the proliferation and invasion in cervical cancer cells. The expression of CCAT1 in the cervical cancer tissues was higher than in the adjacent normal tissues. Overexpressing CCAT1 promoted cervical cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion in vitro. Elevated CCAT1 suppressed miR-181a expression, which was accompanied by an increased expression of MMP14 and HB-EGF. In contrast, knocking down CCAT1 resulted in increased expression of miR-181a, along with decreased expression of MMP14 and HB-EGF. Thus, CCAT1 is a key oncogenic lncRNA associated with cervical cancer and plays a role in promoting cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion by regulating the miR-181a-5p/MMP14 axis.     

基于景观格局和连接度评价的生态网络方法优化与应用

景观生态学中常凭借最小累积阻力模型构建目标种生态网络,以提升破碎栖息地间的景观连接度,缓解生境破碎化负面影响.但传统最小累积阻力生态网络方法缺乏对生态网络的效用验证,对研究地的景观结构变化与生态过程的影响认识不足.本研究运用景观格局指数与连接度概率指数,定量评价生态网络构建前后的研究地景观结构与连接度特征,并以崇左白头叶猴栖息地生态网络为例,详尽叙述此生态网络方法的优化与应用过程.通过对白头叶猴栖息地斑块进行辨认、踏脚石斑块识别,对研究地用地类型进行划分并进行阻力赋值,运用最小累积阻力模型生成了20条白头叶猴栖息地生态网络廊道;然后利用景观结构指数与连接度概率指数结合的方法,对生成的生态网络结构和功能连接度进行评价.结果表明: 凭借最小累积阻力模型构建的目标种生态网络,能有效提升栖息地生境的完整性和连续性,降低总体破碎化水平,并改善生境质量.同时,该生态网络构建能提升生境景观的结构连接度与功能连接度,且两方面的连接度变化在结果上具有极显著的一致性(R²=98.3%,P<0.01).生态网络带来的景观结构方面变化与功能连接度的关联性不强,两种指数间的相互关系不如结构与功能的内在关系显著.     

橄榄种质资源花序表型性状遗传多样性研究

为了解橄榄[Canarium album(Loureiro)Raeuschel]花序表型性状的遗传多样性,对90份橄榄种质资源的花序性状进行观测分析。结果表明,橄榄花序的类型、支轴紧密度、着生位置和花性等表现出较丰富的多样性;从数量性状看,花序花朵数的变异系数最大,其次为支轴花朵数,变异系数最小的是花蕾直径,此外橄榄雄花花序的多样性较雌花丰富。花蕾直径与花瓣长度呈极显著正相关关系,与花序长度、花序支轴数、花序花朵数和支轴花朵数呈极显著负相关。聚类分析结果表明,橄榄种质资源的花序类型可分为3类,大部分雄花和雌花类群间差异较明显。因此,橄榄花序表型性状存在多样性和复杂性,且花序重要单一性状可能影响整体表型。     

樟子松针叶化学成分研究

该研究以采自黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市的樟子松(Pinus sylvestris)针叶为对象,采用溶剂提取法对樟子松针叶中的化学成分进行提取,应用硅胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱和高效液相色谱等现代色谱技术对提取浸膏中的化学成分进行分离和纯化,运用质谱,核磁(1H-NMR和13C-NMR)等波谱技术,鉴定了化合物结构,并对提取浸膏的抑菌活性进行了测试。结果表明:从樟子松针叶提取物中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为松叶酸(1)、松叶酸甲酯(2)、18α-acetoxylabd-8(17)-en-15-oic acid (3)、4-eplimbricataloic acid (4)、15-乙基-18-松叶酸甲酯(5)、15-acetoxy-labda-8(17),13E-dien-18-al (6)、7β-羟基脱氢枞酸(7)、7α-羟基脱氢枞酸(8)、endo-peroxide (9)、α-杜松醇(10)、β-谷甾醇(11)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(12)、7R,11R-phytol (13)、正二十四烷醇(14)、N-octacosan7β-ol (15)。其中,化合物9,13,14和15为首次从该属植物中分离得到。抑菌活性结果表明,正己烷萃取浸膏在浓度为5~100 mg·mL~(-1)时对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢菌的抑菌率分别为53%~71%和56%~70%,在浓度为50 mg·mL~(-1)和100 mg·mL~(-1)时对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为51%和69%。该研究课题进一步明确了樟子松针叶中的化学成分,为其活性测试及应用研究提供依据。